{"id":3009,"date":"2026-01-24T16:33:04","date_gmt":"2026-01-24T16:33:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umaax.com\/zhejiangdaxuedamoxingjichudamoxingjichujiaocaipdfwenjian\/"},"modified":"2026-01-24T16:33:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T16:33:04","slug":"zhejiangdaxuedamoxingjichudamoxingjichujiaocaipdfwenjian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umaax.com\/en\/zhejiangdaxuedamoxingjichudamoxingjichujiaocaipdfwenjian\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u300b\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u6750\uff08PDF\u6587\u4ef6\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u300a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u300b\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLMs\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f18\u5316\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001RNN\u548cTransformer\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982Encoder-only\u3001Encoder-Decoder\u3001Decoder-only\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982BERT\u3001T5\u3001GPT\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3Prompt\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6210\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\" <\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u300a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840<\/strong>\u300b\u62a5\u544aPDF\u539f\u6587\u4ef6 \u626b\u7801\u5173\u6ce8\u56de\u590d\uff1a 20250915<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • \u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd n-gram \u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff08\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u6781\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u57fa\u4e8eRNN\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>:\u8bb2\u89e3\u5faa\u73af\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08RNN\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\/\u7206\u70b8\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u57fa\u4e8eTransformer\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>:\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790 Transformer \u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff08\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001FFN\u3001\u5c42\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3001\u6b8b\u5dee\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u91c7\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>:\u5305\u62ec\u8d2a\u5fc3\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u6ce2\u675f\u641c\u7d22\u3001Top-K \u91c7\u6837\u3001Top-P \u91c7\u6837\u3001Temperature \u673a\u5236\u7b49\u89e3\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bc4\u6d4b<\/strong>:\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5185\u5728\u8bc4\u6d4b\uff08\u5982\u56f0\u60d1\u5ea6\uff09\u548c\u5916\u5728\u8bc4\u6d4b\uff08\u5982 BLEU\u3001ROUGE\u3001BERTScore\u3001G-EVAL\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"\" <\/p>\n

    \u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \u5927\u6570\u636e + \u5927\u6a21\u578b \u2192 \u65b0\u667a\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd Scaling Laws\uff08Kaplan-McCandlish\u3001Chinchilla\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u6982\u89c8<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u6bd4 Encoder-only\u3001Encoder-Decoder\u3001Decoder-only \u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Encoder-only \u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee5 BERT \u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\uff08MLM\u3001NSP\uff09\u53ca\u884d\u751f\u6a21\u578b\uff08RoBERTa\u3001ALBERT\u3001ELECTRA\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Encoder-Decoder \u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee5 T5 \u548c BART \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u7edf\u4e00\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Decoder-only \u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd GPT \u7cfb\u5217\uff08GPT-1 \u5230 GPT-4\uff09\u548c LLaMA \u7cfb\u5217\uff08LLaMA1\/2\/3\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u975eTransformer\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\uff08SSM\uff09\u5982 RWKV\u3001Mamba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08TTT\uff09\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"\" <\/p>\n

      Prompt \u5de5\u7a0b<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • Prompt \u5de5\u7a0b\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49 Prompt \u548c Prompt \u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5206\u8bcd\u4e0e\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Tokenization\u3001Embedding\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff08In-Context Learning, ICL\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u3001\u5355\u6837\u672c\u3001\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3001\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\uff08Chain-of-Thought, CoT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb2\u89e3 CoT \u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u6309\u90e8\u5c31\u73ed\uff08CoT\u3001Zero-Shot CoT\u3001Auto-CoT\uff09\u3001\u4e09\u601d\u540e\u884c\uff08ToT\u3001GoT\uff09\u3001\u96c6\u601d\u5e7f\u76ca\uff08Self-Consistency\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
      • Prompt \u6280\u5de7<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5305\u62ec\u89c4\u8303 Prompt \u7f16\u5199\u3001\u5408\u7406\u5f52\u7eb3\u63d0\u95ee\u3001\u9002\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 CoT\u3001\u5584\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u6697\u793a\uff08\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u3001\u60c5\u666f\u4ee3\u5165\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6db5\u76d6\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\uff08Agent\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5408\u6210\u3001Text-to-SQL\u3001GPTS \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \"\" <\/p>\n

        \u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03<\/h2>\n
          \n
        • \n
          \u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u9002\u914d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u5f15\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03\uff08PEFT\uff09\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u5728\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u53c2\u6570\u9644\u52a0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u9644\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u53ef\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u5728\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u5982Prompt-tuning\uff09\u3001\u52a0\u5728\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982Prefix-tuning\u548cAdapter-tuning\uff09\u548c\u52a0\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982Proxy-tuning\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u53c2\u6570\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ec5\u9009\u62e9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982BitFit\uff09\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982Child-tuning\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u66f4\u65b0\u53c2\u6570\u51cf\u5c11\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d1f\u62c5\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u4f4e\u79e9\u9002\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4e\u79e9\u77e9\u9635\u8fd1\u4f3c\u539f\u59cb\u6743\u91cd\u66f4\u65b0\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecdLoRA\u53ca\u53d8\u4f53\uff08\u5982ReLoRA\u3001AdaLoRA\u548cDoRA\uff09\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bbaLoRA\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecdHF-PEFT\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5c55\u793aPEFT\u6280\u672f\u5728\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bc1\u660ePEFT\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \"\" <\/p>\n

          \u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91<\/h2>\n
            \n
          • \n
            \u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u5728\u7ea0\u6b63\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u6bd2\u6027\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u62d3\u5c55\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f13\u5b58\u6cd5\u548c\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u6cd5\uff09\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u4fee\u6539\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u5143\u5b66\u4e60\u6cd5\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f16\u8f91\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6bcf\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u6cd5\uff1aT-Patcher<\/strong>\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdT-Patcher\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u9644\u52a0\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u4fee\u6b63\u6a21\u578b\u7279\u5b9a\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f16\u8f91\u6cd5\uff1aROME<\/strong>\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdROME\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6a21\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u7279\u5b9a\u5c42\u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5ea6\u4fee\u6539\u6a21\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u5728\u7cbe\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u6743\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u7f16\u8f91\u6280\u672f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6f5c\u80fd\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \"\" <\/p>\n

            \u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6210<\/h2>\n
              \n
            • \n
              \u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6210\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u751f\u6210\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
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            • \n
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            • \n
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              \"\" \"\" <\/p>\n

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