{"id":3124,"date":"2026-01-25T20:34:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T20:34:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umaax.com\/putongyonghuruhejinxinghouxunlianyiwenkandong\/"},"modified":"2026-01-25T20:34:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T20:34:09","slug":"putongyonghuruhejinxinghouxunlianyiwenkandong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umaax.com\/en\/putongyonghuruhejinxinghouxunlianyiwenkandong\/","title":{"rendered":"\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1f\u4e00\u6587\u770b\u61c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLM\uff09\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08Pre-training\uff09\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u80fd\u529b\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<strong 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class=\"\">\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72\u4fbf\u6377\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5927\u578b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u8fb9\u7f18\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u526a\u679d\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u63a8\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u90e8\u7f72 \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u91cf\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u51cf\u5c0f4\u500d\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u53472-3\u500d \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong 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class=\"\">\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6280\u672f<\/h2>\n<h4><strong>\u9488\u5bf9\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLM\uff09\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLM\uff09\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03\uff08Supervised Fine-Tuning, SFT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\uff08\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6765\u6559\u4f1a\u6a21\u578b\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4 \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u8f6e\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0cSFT\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u548c\u52a9\u624b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u671f\u671b\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u56de\u590d \u3002Llama3\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u8f6e\u7684SFT\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u6ce8\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5408\u6210\u6570\u636e \u3002SFT\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4f1a\u201c\u6a21\u4eff\u201d\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08Preference Alignment\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aSFT\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6216\u6709\u7528\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u9f50\u6280\u672f\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u533a\u5206\u201c\u597d\u201d\u7b54\u6848\u548c\u201c\u574f\u201d\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback, RLHF\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u4f46\u6548\u679c\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u9996\u5148\u6536\u96c6\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u6216\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff08Reward Model, RM\uff09\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982PPO\uff09\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u5956\u52b1\uff08\u5373\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\uff09\u7684\u6587\u672c \u3002Llama3\u548cGLM-4\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u90fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e86RLHF\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684RL\u6280\u672f \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316\uff08Direct Preference Optimization, DPO\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aDPO\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4RLHF\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8bad\u7ec3\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u504f\u597d\u6570\u636e\u4f18\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u533a\u5206\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\uff08chosen\uff09\u548c\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\uff08rejected\uff09\u56de\u7b54\u3002DPO\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u6210\u672c\u548c\u8c03\u53c2\u96be\u5ea6\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u4e8ePPO\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03\u6280\u672f\uff08Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning, PEFT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8eLLM\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5168\u53c2\u6570\u5fae\u8c03\uff08Full Fine-Tuning\uff09\u9700\u8981\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u663e\u5b58\u3002PEFT\u6280\u672f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec5\u5fae\u8c03\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c11\u91cf\u53ef\u8bad\u7ec3\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u578b\u9002\u914d\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684PEFT\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><strong>LoRA\uff08Low-Rank Adaptation\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aLoRA\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\u65c1\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f4e\u79e9\u5206\u89e3\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u66f4\u65b0\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5927\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635 \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>QLoRA\uff08Quantized LoRA\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aQLoRA\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u91cf\u5316\u548cLoRA\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u91cf\u5316\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08\u59824-bit\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u91cf\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528LoRA\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u663e\u5b58\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u5355\u4e2aGPU\u4e0a\u5fae\u8c03\u5927\u578b\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adapter<\/strong>\uff1aAdapter\u5728Transformer\u5c42\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5c0f\u578b\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u53d8 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u578b\u878d\u5408\uff08Model Merging\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5df2\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u4efb\u52a1\u5fae\u8c03\u7684Llama 3 8B\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\uff09\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6280\u672f \u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u878d\u5408\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ecTIES\u3001DARE\u548cSLERP\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<thead data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<th align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u6280\u672f\u7c7b\u522b<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u5e94\u7528\u76ee\u6807<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03 (SFT)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bad\u7ec3\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03, \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u5fae\u8c03, \u57fa\u4e8e\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5fae\u8c03<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u6307\u4ee4\u9075\u5faa\u80fd\u529b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u9f50<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60 (RLHF), \u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316 (DPO)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u5bf9\u9f50\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6709\u7528\u6027\u548c\u65e0\u5bb3\u6027\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03 (PEFT)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u4ec5\u5fae\u8c03\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c11\u91cf\u53ef\u8bad\u7ec3\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">LoRA, QLoRA, Adapter<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9002\u914d\u5927\u578b\u6a21\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u6a21\u578b\u878d\u5408<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u578b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">TIES, DARE, SLERP<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><strong>\u9488\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u5927\u578b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff08\u5982\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u4e2d\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u964d\u4f4e\u63a8\u7406\u6210\u672c\u65f6\uff0c<strong>\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u91cf\u5316\uff08Post-Training Quantization, PTQ\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u91cf\u5316\u662f\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u548c\/\u6216\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u4ece\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\uff08\u598232\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0cFP32\uff09\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\uff08\u598216\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570FP16\u30018\u4f4d\u6574\u6570INT8\uff0c\u751a\u81f34\u4f4d\u6574\u6570INT4\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b \u3002PTQ\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u8bad\u7ec3\u6216\u4ec5\u9700\u5c11\u91cf\u6821\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u3002Google AI Edge\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684PTQ\u9009\u9879\u5305\u62ec\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4\u91cf\u5316\uff08\u66f4\u5c0f4\u500d\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u53472-3\u500d\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\uff09\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u6570\u91cf\u5316\uff08\u66f4\u5c0f4\u500d\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u53473\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u3001Edge TPU\u3001\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff09\u548cFloat16\u91cf\u5316\uff08\u66f4\u5c0f2\u500d\uff0cGPU\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u3001GPU\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7528\u4e8ePTQ\u7684INCQuantizer\u7c7b \u3002\u91cf\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9009\u62e9\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6821\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6743\u8861\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u526a\u679d\uff08Post-Training Pruning, PTP\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u526a\u679d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u9664\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u5c42\u6216\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5934\uff09\u6765\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u7684\u6280\u672f \u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u526a\u679d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u3002\u526a\u679d\u540e\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff08re-training\uff09\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u635f\u5931\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6 \u3002\u526a\u679d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\u526a\u679d\uff08\u5220\u9664\u5355\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u526a\u679d\uff08\u5220\u9664\u6574\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u526a\u679d\uff08\u5220\u9664\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u6216\u5c42\uff09\u3002\u526a\u679d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7a00\u758f\u3001\u66f4\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\uff08Knowledge Distillation, KD\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6 \u3002\u5728\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5927\u578bLLM\uff09\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u6807\u7b7e\u201d\uff08soft labels\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff09\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u7279\u5f81\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u4eff\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u63a5\u8fd1\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8d8a\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cDeepSeek-RI\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a \u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u538b\u7f29\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<thead data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<th align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u6280\u672f\u7c7b\u522b<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\/\u7279\u70b9<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u5e94\u7528\u76ee\u6807<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u91cf\u5316 (PTQ)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u964d\u4f4e\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6570\u503c\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u5c06float32\u6743\u91cd\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aint8\u7b49\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6821\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4f18\u5316\u91cf\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u8bbe\u5907\u90e8\u7f72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u526a\u679d (PTP)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u79fb\u9664\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u6743\u91cd\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7b49\uff09<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u6570\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u526a\u679d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u8bad\u7ec3\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u51cf\u5c11\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u7528\u5927\u578b\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u5bfc\u5c0f\u578b\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u8fc1\u79fb\u77e5\u8bc6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f6f\u6807\u7b7e\u6216\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" data-v-0909cf3c=\"\">\u538b\u7f29\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5c0f\u578b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f<\/h2>\n<h4><strong>\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03\uff08SFT\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03\uff08Supervised Fine-Tuning, SFT\uff09\u662f\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\uff08\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bad\u7ec3\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9002\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u5b66\u4f1a\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4 \u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06SFT\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u7ed9\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u672c\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u201d\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u7531\u9886\u57df\u4e13\u5bb6\u6216\u7ecf\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u5458\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u670d\u804a\u5929\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u65f6\uff0cSFT\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u95ee\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5ba2\u670d\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u5728Llama3\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\uff0cSFT\u6570\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u6ce8\u91ca\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u53ca\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u62d2\u7edd\u91c7\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c11\u91cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u6210 \u3002<\/p>\n<p>SFT\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6536\u96c6\u6216\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u56de\u7b54\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5bf9SFT\u7684\u6548\u679c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981 \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3aSFT\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u8bad\u7ec3\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u5b66\u4e60\u7387\u3001\u6279\u6b21\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u8f6e\u6570\uff08epochs\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cLlama3\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5728SFT\u65f6\u5b66\u4e60\u7387\u8bbe\u4e3a1e-5\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u6b65\u6570\u57288.5k\u52309k\u4e4b\u95f4 \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6267\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u635f\u5931\uff08loss\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u96c6\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u4e0a\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3001\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>SFT\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548<\/strong> \u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4f1a\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u3001\u6587\u672c\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9075\u5faa\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b66\u4e60\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6a21\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>SFT\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c<strong>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u89c1\u6216\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u7684SFT\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u504f\u597d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u6216\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u9f50\u6b65\u9aa4\uff08\u5982RLHF\u6216DPO\uff09\u6765\u5b8c\u6210 \u3002\u5168\u53c2\u6570SFT\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982LoRA\uff09\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017 \u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316\uff08DPO\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316\uff08Direct Preference Optimization, DPO\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5174\u4e14\u65e5\u76ca\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u9f50\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08RLHF\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cDPO\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u4f4e\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8c03\u4f18\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u76ee\u6807 \u3002RLHF\u6d89\u53ca\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982PPO\uff09\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u800cDPO\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u5305\u542b\u504f\u597d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8bad\u7ec3\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DPO\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u51c6\u5907\u504f\u597d\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\uff08prompt\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u6807\u6ce8\u8005\u201c\u504f\u597d\u201d\u6216\u201c\u9009\u4e2d\u201d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff08chosen response\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u88ab\u201c\u62d2\u7edd\u201d\u6216\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff08rejected response\uff09\u3002Llama3\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u504f\u597d\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u8fc7\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u201d\uff08edited response\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u504f\u597d\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a edited > chosen > rejected \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1aDPO\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u9f13\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u201c\u504f\u597d\u201d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u201c\u62d2\u7edd\u201d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4e86Bradley-Terry\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u504f\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316DPO\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>DPO\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8eRLHF\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u7b80\u5355<\/strong>\uff1aDPO\u907f\u514d\u4e86RLHF\u4e2d\u8bad\u7ec3\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u6742\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u548cRL\u5faa\u73af\uff0cDPO\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u5c11 \u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800cPPO\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u539f\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8c03\u53c2<\/strong>\uff1aRLHF\u4e2d\u7684PPO\u7b97\u6cd5 notoriously \u96be\u4ee5\u8c03\u53c2\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u3002DPO\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574\u4e5f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355 \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u5f53\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u597d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cDPO\u5728\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u9f50\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0ePPO\u76f8\u5f53\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cDPO\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u9009\u62e9 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08RL\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Reinforcement Learning, RL\uff09\u5728\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u590d\u6742\u4ea4\u4e92\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e0e\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u201d\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u662f<strong>\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u4f18\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7d2f\u79ef\u5956\u52b1<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3001\u65e0\u5bb3\u3001\u6d41\u7545\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback, RLHF\uff09\u662fRL\u5728\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6536\u96c6\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u504f\u597d\u6392\u5e8f\u6216\u8bc4\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u6807\u6ce8\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u6700\u597d\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5206 \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8bad\u7ec3\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff08Reward Model, RM\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8be5\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u504f\u597d\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u91cf\u5956\u52b1\u503c\uff09\u3002Llama3\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u8fb9\u9645\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u76f8\u4f3c\u54cd\u5e94\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u504f\u597d\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3 \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528RL\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08Policy Model\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u8fd1\u7aef\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316 Proximal Policy Optimization, PPO\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u54cd\u5e94 \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6a21\u578b\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u800c\u504f\u79bb\u539f\u59cb\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u592a\u8fdc\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u4f46\u80fd\u9a97\u8fc7\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aKL\u6563\u5ea6\u60e9\u7f5a\u9879\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6027\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002RL\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56f0\u96be<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u5168\u9762\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u5230 unintended \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5956\u52b1\u9ed1\u5ba2\uff0creward hacking\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6837\u672c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1aRL\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6570\u636e\u624d\u80fd\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u654f\u611f \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1aRLHF\u7b49\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u548c\u590d\u6742\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u91cf\u5316\uff08PTQ\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u91cf\u5316\uff08Post-Training Quantization, PTQ\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5e76\u52a0\u901f\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u5b8c\u6210\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u6216\u4ec5\u9700\u5c11\u91cf\u672a\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u6821\u51c6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u201d\u91cf\u5316\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff08weights\uff09\u548c\/\u6216\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\uff08activations\uff09\u4ece\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff08\u4f8b\u598232\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0cFP32\uff09\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f8b\u598216\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff08FP16\u6216BF16\uff09\u30018\u4f4d\u6574\u6570\uff08INT8\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f34\u4f4d\u6574\u6570\uff08INT4\uff09\u62162\u4f4d\u6574\u6570\uff08INT2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u597d\u5904\uff1a<strong>\u6a21\u578b\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u5bbd\u9700\u6c42\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u652f\u6301\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684CPU\u3001GPU\u6216\u4e13\u7528\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u5982Edge TPU\uff09\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Google AI Edge\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684PTQ\u9009\u9879\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u52bf \uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4\u91cf\u5316\uff08Dynamic Range Quantization\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684PTQ\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ec5\u5c06\u6743\u91cd\u4eceFP32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aINT8\uff0c\u800c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u91cf\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u91cf\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u51cf\u5c0f\u7ea64\u500d\uff0cCPU\u5ef6\u8fdf\u63d0\u53472-3\u500d\uff0c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u6570\u91cf\u5316\uff08Full Integer Quantization\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u91cf\u5316\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u4e5f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aINT8\uff08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6574\u6570\u683c\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6821\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u6570\u91cf\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ea64\u500d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u548c3\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u6574\u6570\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3001Edge TPU\uff09\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Float16\u91cf\u5316\uff08Float16 Quantization\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6743\u91cd\u548c\/\u6216\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a16\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff08FP16\u6216BF16\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u51cf\u5c0f\u7ea62\u500d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u652f\u6301FP16\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684GPU\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u663e\u8457\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>PTQ\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8981\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4ec5\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6743\u91cd\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\uff09\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08\u5982INT8, FP16\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u9010\u5c42\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u9010\u901a\u9053\u91cf\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6821\u51c6\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u6570\u91cf\u5316\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u91cf\u5316\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6821\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6821\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6536\u96c6\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982\u7f29\u653e\u56e0\u5b50\u548c\u96f6\u70b9\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8f6c\u6362\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u6821\u51c6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u59cbFP32\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u91cf\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u526a\u679d\uff08PTP\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u526a\u679d\uff08Post-Training Pruning, PTP\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u9664\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u6743\u91cd\uff09\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143\uff08\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u901a\u9053\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u5c42\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5e76\u52a0\u901f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e0e\u91cf\u5316\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u526a\u679d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u6216\u5355\u5143\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u526a\u679d\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u7ed9\u6a21\u578b\u201c\u7626\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6700\u7ec8\u8f93\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u201c\u8d58\u8089\u201d\u3002\u526a\u679d\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>PTP\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u526a\u679d\uff08Magnitude-based Pruning\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u4e5f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u88ab\u526a\u679d \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u7684\u526a\u679d\uff08Sensitivity-based Pruning\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u79fb\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5355\u5143\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d8a\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u526a\u679d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u68af\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u526a\u679d\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5355\u5143\u3002\u526a\u679d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u526a\u679d\uff08Unstructured Pruning\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u79fb\u9664\u5355\u4e2a\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u526a\u679d\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u901a\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\u652f\u6301 \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u526a\u679d\uff08Structured Pruning\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u79fb\u9664\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u901a\u9053\uff08filters\uff09\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5934\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u526a\u679d\u66f4\u96be\u4fdd\u6301\u7cbe\u5ea6 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u526a\u679d\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u526a\u679d\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u79fb\u966420%\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff09\u79fb\u9664\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5fae\u8c03\uff08Fine-tuning \/ Re-training\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u526a\u679d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u635f\u5931\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6 \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fae\u8c03\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u526a\u679d\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c0f\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u6c42 \u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u526a\u679d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0cLLM\u7684\u526a\u679d\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7406\u89e3PTP\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53bb\u6389\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u6765\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u526a\u679d\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u526a\u679d\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u526a\u679d\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4e0e\u91cf\u5316\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u526a\u679d\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\uff08Knowledge Distillation, KD\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\uff0cTeacher Model\uff09\u6240\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u3001\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\uff0cStudent Model\uff09\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u63a5\u8fd1\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u65f6\u8d85\u8d8a\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5927\u578b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cDeepSeek-RI\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8bad\u7ec3\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u3001\u5927\u578b\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8fc1\u79fb\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8f6f\u6807\u7b7e\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Soft Target Learning\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u8f6f\u6807\u7b7e\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5f20\u732b\u7684\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u201c\u732b: 0.9, \u72d7: 0.05, \u72d0\u72f8: 0.05\u201d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u6807\u7b7e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6bd4\u201c\u786c\u6807\u7b7e\u201d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u732b: 1\u201d\uff09\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7c7b\u522b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u771f\u5b9e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b66\u4e60\u62df\u5408\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f6f\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Feature Representation Learning\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u4eff\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u66f4\u9c81\u68d2\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u786c\u6807\u7b7e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u635f\u5931\uff08\u5982\u4ea4\u53c9\u71b5\u635f\u5931\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u8f6f\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u6216\u7279\u5f81\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u635f\u5931\uff08\u5982KL\u6563\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u80fd\u538b\u7f29\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u9c81\u68d2\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u6559\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u5e73\u6ed1\u3001\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u77e5\u8bc6\u84b8\u998f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5e08\u5f92\u4f20\u627f\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5b66\u751f\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u5927\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u8001\u5e08\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u590d\u6742\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u7f72\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u9886\u57df\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u6570\u636e\/\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6216\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u6599\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6587\u672c\uff08\u5982\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4e66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u62a5\u544a\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u6216\u884c\u4e1a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u9ad8\u6216\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08\u5982\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03SFT\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u5c0f\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u3001\u5e73\u677f\u7535\u8111\uff09\u6216\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u667a\u80fd\u6444\u50cf\u5934\u3001\u53ef\u7a7f\u6234\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e94\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u7f13\u6162\u3001\u8017\u7535\u91cf\u9ad8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u91cf\u5316\uff08PTQ\uff09\u6216\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u526a\u679d\uff08PTP\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u51cf\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u90e8\u7f72\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u578b\u63a8\u7406\u8017\u65f6\u8fc7\u957f\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u9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